These tend to show difficulties in reading comprehension despite better developed reading accuracy. The simple view of reading (SVR) has been used as a framework for studies of reading comprehension in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Reading for meaning is one of the most important activities in school and everyday life.
Within-family associations observed suggest that visual processing styles uniquely co-segregate in ASD families, and add to evidence that visual processing styles may be heritable, genetically meaningful features of the broader autism spectrum. Finally, heightened local processing was related to more severe restricted and repetitive behaviors in individuals with ASD whereas heightened local processing was unexpectedly associated with better pragmatic language abilities was observed in both ASD proband and ASD parent groups.Conclusions: Findings demonstrated robust local/global visual processing differences using eye tracking in individuals with ASD, alongside more subtle, and nuanced differences in parents that together could point to underlying neurobiological differences in visual perception. Within family similarities of processing styles were observed for ASD parent-child pairs, which were not found in control families. Eye-tracking results further revealed evidence of reduced global versus local visual processing in ASD and ASD parent groups, with the ASD group demonstrating heightened local processing, in addition to reduced global perception, and parents showing evidence of a diminished bias towards global stimuli, but without indications of heightened local processing. Within-family associations of local/global perception, and associations with ASD-related clinical and subclinical traits were also examined.Results: Significant differences emerged for performance (i.e., accuracy and/or reaction time) indices during more complex tasks in both proband and parent groups.
#Coherence theory series#
A series of linear mixed effects models assessed ASD versus control and ASD parent versus control parent group differences.
To examine local/global visual processing, performance (i.e., accuracy and reaction time) and a suite of eye-tracking variables were calculated. This study aimed to address this gap by implementing an objective measurement of local and global perception via eye tracking in ASD and their parents.Methods: Participants included 161 individuals (n=32 individuals with ASD and n=30 controls n=56 parents of individuals with ASD and n=43 control parents), who completed two interactive tasks that tap local/global visual processing, while their gaze was tracked on an eye tracker. However, prior studies of local/global visual processing in parents show mixed findings, and primarily use accuracy and reaction time measures alone, which may not confer enough specificity to capture sub-clinical differences. Visual perceptual and social attentional differences have also been documented more subtly among parents of individuals with ASD. Atypicalities in global visual processing are associated with increased ASD symptom severity, shedding light into potential cognitive mechanisms contributing to the ASD phenotype. Differences in visual perceptual styles, including a local perceptual bias (i.e., enhanced perceptual functioning theory), are also thought to underlie some aspects of the social-communicative difficulties observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors or circumscribed interests) (APA, 2013).īackground: Individuals with ASD often demonstrate a local visual processing bias, with some evidence showing concurrent impaired global processing. A reduced bias towards seeing the "big picture" (i.e., weak central coherence theory) have been related to weaker social skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and cognition more generally (Behrmann, Thomas, & Humphreys, 2006 Burnette et al., 2005 Happe, 1999 Jarrold, Butler, Cottington, & Jimenez, 2000 Jolliffe & Baron-Cohen, 2000 Klin, Jones, Schultz, Volkmar, & Cohen, 2002 Van Eylen, Boets, Steyaert, Wagemans, & Noens, 2018).
These processes in tandem support the fluid interpretation of our environment, including the complex nuances and dynamics defining social-communicative interactions.
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